The Treatise On Laws -- Main Ideas Essays - Religious Law

The Treatise On Laws -- Main Ideas The Treatise on Laws is a collection of medieval texts pertaining to laws and their distinctions. Apparently compiled in the twelfth century by Gratian, a person whose origins are still contested, it consists of 20 sections labeled distinctions. Each distinction is further separated into parts and cases, each which serve to convey one particular idea. Although various differing ideas are presented in the treatise, there is a central theme evident which is, to borrow directly from Gratian, the harmony of discordant canons, or how completely different sets of laws can mesh together. The treatise begins by saying that the human race is ruled by two things, namely, natural law and usages. Natural law is defined by Gratian as the law put forth in the gospel, or law where each person is commanded to do to others what he wants done to himself. Since the gospel is taken by many to be the word of god, natural law is also known as divine law. This is seen as law that is intrinsically moral and infallible because they come directly from god. Usage is defined as laws that come about as laws that come about as a natural byproduct of human society. These laws can be known as human law, as they are created exclusively by humans. Divine law stays the same for all peoples according to Gratian, but human law varies because different things please different people. Furthermore, divine law takes precedence over human law. When conflict occurs, as Gratian says Imperial ordinances are not above the ordinance of god.(33) But he continues, saying that secular laws are not to be rejected, ?whenever these are opposed to evangelical and canonical decree, they are worthy of all reverence. Gratian makes the point that divine laws define morality and human laws are not necessarily moral, just practical. He gives the example in Distinction 1 that it is moral to walk through someone's property, but nit necessarily legal. According to Christian faith , a moral Christian life gets one into heaven. So seeing as human laws are not necessarily moral, and morality is sometimes not legal, a conflict occurs. The moral Christian could decide to live in accordance to divine law, not considering human law, and suffer in the material world in order to gain the greater reward (eternal paradise). As Gratian says, divine and human law are separate, but can work together or conflict. The Treatise on Laws serves to fully explain the laws and their meanings. Religion Essays

Crime and Morality Essay Example

Crime and Morality Essay Example Crime and Morality Essay Crime and Morality Essay Giving recognition to the definition given above, morality describes the rules that govern our behaviour. It guides us or our class of actions. Since childhood. we have been told by our beloved parents to ever make good and act right. We were taught on how to be disciplined. Even in school. since babys room. kindergarten and particularly during simple. good ethical motives and right behavior were ever reminded to us by our beloved instructors. But what happened to these values upon making secondary school? Students in these old ages tend to be more unworried and they want to make things their manner. They crave for independency and freedom taking to rebelliousness and loss of values if their desires weren’t considered by their households. Does that intend that turning up at the same clip losing the virtuousnesss come at the same clip? What happened to the manners that were ought to be followed by bosom? Their was one time a teenage male child that was known in the vicinity to be a stealer since he was immature. He had been caught many times and been to imprison for many times excessively. He is ever doing promises non to make the offense once more but still endures to reiterate the act many clip. He was asked why he’s making such thing at a really immature age where in fact he still hold his parents? He was questioned of non being taught of taking right from incorrect. Then he answered Are ethical motives more of import than the demands that I have to carry through? You are lucky because you have your parents that can supply your necessities. But what about me? My siblings? His resemblance was excessively pathetic that he doesn’t have the parents who are good suppliers. But it conferred to a realisation that we can’t put the incrimination to the parents. The family’s enduring from poorness impacting non merely the family’s base of morality but besides the position of each household member. Crime statistics shows that as of twelvemonth 2007. 65. 944 offenses were committed or 115. 6 offenses per 100. 000 population and 17. 4 % of these were because of robbery. That’s harmonizing to the PNP records. The cause of robberies were chiefly caused by POVERTY. So in the heads of most people and of the Filipinos. contending against hungriness is better than holding an unity with an empty tummy. That there are more of import things to see than merely being in line of making good and unsloped. But isn’t it easier to see contending against poorness and following ethical motives? Than being able to perpetrate offense and unrighteousness because we wanted to accomplish our wants and demands? It’s like rip offing during tests to acquire a high class the same manner easier to analyze hard to acquire high classs. If we merely work hard. there will be mountains difficult plenty to mount and tests that we can’t survive. If we’d merely work on our religion in God. live up our faith to assist us to take the right way of making the good manner and at the terminal. we might acquire what we want and it might be greater than we’d expect.

A Portrait of Dorian Gray

Dorian Gray's portrait He began to wonder if we could make psychology absolutely scientific, Sir Henry says how to manipulate it with the power of the mind When Dorian talked about hope of fate and exchange of portrait, he reached a contract with one of his own hooligans, not a contract with the king of darkness I have not. The picture of Dorian Gray starts on the beautiful summer day in the UK Victorian. There, the self-righteous Lord Henry Wharton is observing the painting of Dorian Gray by the sensitive artist Basil Holward. Portrait, this is a handsome young man, Basil 's ultimate muse. Dorian sat next to the picture and heard that Lord Henry supported his hedonistic world view and began to think that beauty is the only aspect of pursuit of life. This urged Dorian that his portrait would like to take years instead of himself. One of the main purposes of the story is a portrait of Dorian Gray. This portrait shows Dorian's sin, evil, and aging so that Dorian can maintain youth and beauty. Dorian Faust exchanged his spirit to express youth and beauty, which enabled this. Initially, basil was afraid to advertise his Dorian's portrait. It is because he revealed the secret of Basil 's soul, afraid that it would show a painter (basil) than the theme (Dorian). According to the explanation, Basil was concerned about his evidence of the traces left by portraits and the charm of Durian Gray, because homosexuality was highly stigmatized in Victorian England. In fact, Dorian was portrayed as innocent, and basil seemed to have seen him. There are literal portraits, but Durian Gray is a portrait. Since operation is art, Henry seems to be amused with his ability to influence and manipulate others, including Dorian. Pictures of Dorian Gray begin in England's Victorian summer and Sir Henry Watton is observing Dorian Gray painted by a sensitive artist Basil Hallword. Portrait, he is a handsome young man, basil's ultimate muse. While drawing a picture for this picture, Durian listens to His major Henry to support his hedonistic worldview, pursuing happiness is the only thing worth pursuing in life I started thinking about it. This urged Dorian to hope his painted image hopes to take his age instead. This book began with the artist's picture by Basil Hallward, Dorian Gray, reminiscent of Grey's aging and loss of beauty. This relationship between portraits is a way to explore the relationship between the outside world and self. How sad it is! I will get old, worse, and it will be terrible, it will be older than this special day in June ... if that is just another way! If it is always young, and that old picture! For this - I give everything! Yes there is nothing I will not give to the whole world! I will pay my soul for it I will!

Shakespeare othello Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Shakespeare othello - Research Paper Example Along with it, the play also encapsulates perspective which can be judged from myriad social cone. The feminist and the racist approach to the play amid them is the most prominent. Thesis Statement The play â€Å"Othello† by Shakespeare captivates myriad themes like, jealousy, love, revenge and betrayal. All these themes are incorporated in the play which helps it to move forward and reveal the subtle bent of human psychology, which the playwright wishes to project through various characters and their interaction with the other characters in the play. This essay intends to explore the manifestation of these themes through the symbols, characters and motifs of the play throughout its plot. Myriad Themes Captivated within the Multi-layered Plot of the Play Despite being a tragedy, the importance and influence of the play â€Å"Othello† in the history of the English theatre cannot be undermined at all. The theme of love in the play is manifested through the love of Othello for Desdemona whom he treats as the extension of his own self. Desdemona is treated by Othello as an object of romantic passion with a feeling of exaltation. The destruction of Desdemona is actually treated as self-destruction for Othello. And the murder of Desdemona is viewed as a prelude to his self-killing. Iago, in such situation, can be viewed as an object of temptation that is persuading Othello relentlessly to view and regard himself from a perspective of Venice. Gradual provocation compelled him to accept the fact that he is an alien to the Venetian society and the lady of his love, who is an embodiment of that Venetian culture, also treats him alien. Othello desired for an ideal beauty and ideal love which he found in Desdemona. Desdemona, on the other hand, is incarnation of pure spiritual love and embodiment of ideal beauty. She is not the icon of love but the reason for love in others. It is under the influence of Iago with his tainted mind, Othello started viewing his beloved as a threat and her sexuality started becoming unbearable for him. Othello under the spell of his frailty mind gradually moves away from the platform on which the sensual and spiritual love were harmonised. Slowly Desdemona’s erotic beauty became an eye-sore for him and her devotion and love seemed â€Å"proof† of infidelity. The failure of Othello to harmonize the two aims of love leads him to encounter a fear and loathe of secularity which puts him into an aura encapsulated by physical frailty and extreme dependence on Desdemona. The horror and pity displayed by Othello transcends every spectacle of love and takes him to a paradigm far beyond the complete and noble concept of love undermined by a filthy and self-hatred state of mind. Even the failure of Othello as a romantic lover does not end with the bodily collapse of Desdemona. It is only the destruction of the symbol of life by the lover. And even after the murder of his beloved, the experience of love c ontinues. This is the reason as even after Desdemona perishes, Othello is posited in a â€Å"full possession of this heavenly sight† reflected from the sight of his dead beloved. Theme of Jealousy â€Å"Othello† is a play that explores sexual jealousy at myriad levels of its plot. The seat of jealousy evolves in the play from the outset of the play; the audiences are encountered with Iago. Iago

Discourse Community Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Discourse Community - Essay Example Thus, a discourse community, in other words, can be termed as a group of individuals or rather people who talk the same language that can only be understood by the members of the community. There are various discourse communities in the societies. In sports, the communities range from football, basketball, hockey, tennis, rugby and volleyball among other. I belong to various discourse communities. They include my tennis team, my writing class and my farming community. All these discourse communities are significant to the lives of its member since they so big that they brings together people from all walks of life; whether poor, rich, young or old and even from diverse races. All these people from different social classes understand every bit of conversation inside the community. My writing skills have been built by the lessons I attend in the writing class. To me, this class really qualifies to be a discourse community since the members of this class share common interests, goals an d objectives. Thus, everything that occurs during this academic course occurs with a sole aim of improving the students’ writing skills. This academic course has enabled me to perfect my writing skills that can be applied in other academic courses. My writing skills have been improved through a series of group writing practice and individual writing practice as I follow the writing rules that are always presented to us in this class. Every member of this community always adheres to the set rules and policies in order to achieve or rather attain the projected obligation. Across the globe, there are millions of individuals who belong to this discourse community whereby similar rules apply. Therefore, applying the writing rules that have been contributed by various scholars across the globe and from different writing communities have greatly improved my skills because I have gained from diverse sources of information. Tennis, as a discourse community where I belong, the tennis l anguage is used in communication. I always use the tennis language whenever in the company of teammates or rather the people who understand or have knowledge about the tennis game. There are a number of words that can only be used in the tennis language. Therefore, people who are not familiar with the language cannot understand. Moreover, there are various terminologies which are used in the world of tennis which may mean other things in the normal world contexts. For instance, an individual who is outside the tennis discourse community might misinterpret an idea or a word when he or she tries to mean another thing. Thus, an individual who do not belong in the tennis discourse community will probably not understand the conversation of the community members even if he or she is taking part in the conversation. In order to understand that the tennis team is a discourse community, I had to take attend daily training and practice so as to make myself vast with the language, cultures, ru les and the entire routine or programs of the community. For an individual to join the tennis discourse community, he or she cannot just show up to the daily practice and become a member. Instead, he or she has to undergo a serious test or rather an interview so as to be accepted in the community. The test of new recruits comprise of various

How Have Western Views of Knowledge Changed over Time Essay Example for Free

How Have Western Views of Knowledge Changed over Time Essay Throughout history, cultures have held disparate views on the nature of knowledge. Epistemology, the branch of philosophy that focuses on basic questions such as: â€Å"What is knowledge? How do we know what we know? †, lies at the heart of these views. In Western culture, the answers to these basic questions have changed markedly over time. Throughout history, this evolution in philosophy has been inextricably linked to science and religion. Much of Western thought has been heavily influenced by the philosophy of the Ancient Greeks. In particular, the epistemological views of the Ancient Greeks dominated Western thought for centuries. Of all the Greek philosophers, Plato was one of the most influential. In his most famous work The Republic, Plato used the Allegory of the Cave to describe the role of sensory perception in knowledge acquisition. In his analogy, Plato described a cave in which people were chained down in such a way that prevented them from looking anywhere but forward. Behind them was a fire and in front of them was a wall that reflected shadows from that fire. The prisoner’s captors manipulated these shadows to create forms and stories. The forms and stories that the prisoners saw were the only reality that they knew. Eventually the prisoners left the cave and found true reality outside. It was only then that the prisoners understood that what they had perceived until this moment was a false perception. The Allegory of the Cave served to illustrate Plato’s epistemological views. Today, we describe Plato’s philosophical views as rationalist. He argued against reliance on sensory experience because he believed that it failed to provide us with any guarantee that what we experience was, in fact, true. He believed that the information we get by relying on sensory experience is constantly changing and often unreliable. It can be evaluated only by appealing to higher principles that do not change. In the Allegory of the Cave, Plato was comparing our sensory perception to the shadows on the wall of the cave. Plato saw us as the chained prisoners unable to know anything but this false reality. Only by leaving the cave and ascending to higher orders of thought are we able to know true reality. Implicit in this view was the belief that true knowledge cannot be found through empirical investigation. According to Plato, empirical knowledge was merely opinion. Only thought and abstract reasoning could produce true knowledge. The rationalist view of epistemology dominated much of Western thought for centuries. Eventually, progress in science during the Renaissance changed this. One of the first to change these dominant views was Andreas Vesalius. In 1543, Vesalius published De Humanis Corporis Fabrica (On the Workings of the Human Body), an elaborately illustrated atlas of human anatomy. While Vesalius’ published work had significant historical importance in the field of medicine, his most enduring legacy was his revolutionary challenge of the medical conventions of his day. For centuries, physicians had relied on reading texts from Galen for medical knowledge rather than participating in the direct dissection of human corpses. Vesalius promoted the practice of dissection and hands on experience. By overthrowing the Galenic tradition and relying on his own observations, Vesalius was advocating an empirical understanding of the human body. This shift from rationalism to empiricism became one of the defining characteristics of the Scientific Revolution. In direct contrast to rationalism, empiricism emphasized the acquisition of knowledge through direct observation and experiment. Empiricism not only encouraged but required reliance on our senses. This was in direct opposition to Plato’s epistemological view that had dominated for a millennium. This shift from Plato’s rationalism to scientific empiricism had significant ramifications for philosophy. While before this time there had always been collaboration between science and philosophy and religion, there had been no real distinction between them. Now, empirical knowledge served as a way of testing philosophical knowledge. This would ultimately lead to their incompatibility and their eventual separation. This separation is largely attributed to Galileo, one of the major figures during the Scientific Revolution. Even in his time, Galileo was a renown scientist and a philosopher. While he relied heavily on empirical methods in his studies of physics and astronomy, he also depended on rational thinking in his use of mathematics. It was through his combined use of empirical observations and rational thought that he confirmed the Copernican view that the sun was the center of the universe. However, the Copernican heliocentric worldview conflicted with the dominant geocentric view espoused by philosophers from the time of Aristotle. Making matters even more complicated was the fact that philosophers couched this dispute as a religious matter arguing that a heliocentric worldview went against the teachings of the Bible. As the geocentric view had been adopted by the church, the heliocentric worldview was branded as heresy. Galileo, certain of the physical truth of his heliocentric paradigm and at the same time devout in his religious beliefs, worked to reconcile this conflict by divorcing the church from â€Å"purely physical matters, where faith is not involved. By working to separate science, philosophy, and religion, Galileo was attempting to reestablish the compatibility of science and religion. Despite Galileo’s attempts, the conflict between scientific and religious worldviews is still evident today. The epistemological tradition of today has created a dominant worldview based on evidence. As during the time of Galileo, this worldview has at times conflicted with widely held religious beliefs. This divide, empiricism vs. faith, has become an increasingly prominent conflict in American politics. A recent announcement by GOP presidential candidate, Rick Perry highlights this divide. Rick Perry recently publicly declared his disbelief in the theory of evolution in favor of intelligent design. The theory of evolution is an explanation of the origin of life widely supported across numerous scientific disciplines. Though science and empiricism overwhelming supports the theory of evolution, it does not largely accepted by the populace. The controversial nature of evolution has emerged because, once again, a â€Å"purely physical matter† has been politicized as a religious matter. Rick Perry’s views on evolution illustrate a larger phenomenon in U. S. politics. That is, views regarding the evolution/intelligent design conflict tend to be politically divided. Intelligent design or faith based arguments are generally forwarded by conservative Republicans such as Rick Perry. Evidence based empirical arguments, such as evolution, are championed by liberal Democrats. Science has become political as conservatives are aligned with religion.

Human Rights Violations Against Children Essay -- Universal Declaratio

As human beings, children are entitled to all the rights guaranteed by the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) and the various treaties that have developed from it. But children also need special protection and care. They must be able to depend on the adult world to take care of them, to defend their rights and to help them to develop and realize their potential. Yet, violence against children is endemic: each day, terrible abuses and acts of violence against children are committed worldwide. They suffer as many of the human rights abuses as the adults, but may also be targeted simply because they are dependent and vulnerable. The Fifth Article of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights states that "no one shall be subjected to torture or to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment". Nevertheless, children are being tortured and mistreated by state officials; they are detained, lawfully or arbitrarily, often in appalling conditions; in some countries they are subjected to the death penalty. Countless thousands are killed or maimed in armed conflicts; many more have fled their homes to become refugees. Children forced by poverty or abuse to live on the streets are sometimes detained, attacked and even killed in the name of social cleansing. Many millions of children work at exploitative or hazardous jobs, or are the victims of child trafficking and forced prostitution. Because children are "easy targets", they are sometimes threatened, beaten or raped in order to punish family members who are not so accessible. Amnesty International has been one of the organizations that has denounced this terrible situation in a new report published prior to the Human Rights Day. The report of Amnesty International sho... ...taining 46 children. The children fled outside where they were made to lie face down on concrete, some only in their underwear, for hours. Several were allegedly sprayed in the face with mace while on the ground. The memorandum in support of the injunction noted that "penal officers at Jena have rubbed inmates' faces into cement floors, taken away clothing, slammed youths against doors, walls, and floors, and forced naked juveniles to squat with their buttocks in the air while searches are performed ... evidence exists showing officers actually have encouraged peer violence." The situations mentioned above also apply to other institutions such as orphanages and refugee centers that in addition can be vulnerable to a great deal of exploitation by being used like subjects in drug experimentation and undergo cruelty, negligence, confinements and corporal punishment.

Dickens Presentation of Female Characters in Great Expectations Essay

Charles Dickens’ Great Expectations was first serialised in 1861 in the journal ‘All Around the World’ during the Victorian period. During this time women were almost regarded as second class, even though the reigning queen had been on the throne for fourteen years. On the contrary, the Queen herself was quite masculine thinking it quite ‘improper’ that women should have the same rights as men. No women could vote, all major decisions were made by men and there were no important female political figures except for the queen herself, who was opposed to ‘votes for women’. Women were beginning to show signs of demand equality. Dickens created a lot of public awareness in his writings about the condition England was in. He liked to give the message ‘If men would behave decently the world would be decent’. He became very interested in socialist ideas from a young age and wrote novels for several years, including a novel based on his own life and the troubles he had. Great Expectations tells the story of orphan Pip, living with his bitter, older sister. Throughout the novel he encounters an escaped convict only then to be summoned by the wicked and cold Miss Havisham and her beautiful niece Estella. On top of this he is suddenly endowed with the generosity of a mysterious benefactor. Dickens uses physical appearance to convey his female characteristics. It was traditionally thought at the time, if a woman and ’round and curvy’ then she was a very warm person but if she was bony and skinny she would be an unpleasant and not very nice woman. There are several examples of this throughout the novel. He wanted to show what a horrible woman Mrs Joe Gargery was. So he described her as being: â€Å"not a good looking woman† and â€Å"tall and bony†. Both of these don’t make her sound particularly attractive and she is a very cruel person to Pip and Joe Gargery. Miss Havisham is shown in the same light, â€Å"Miss Havisham’s grey hair was all adrift upon the ground, among the other bridal wrecks, and was a miserable sight to see†. She is always dressed in her old wedding dress and her skin is very pale. Therefore almost giving us the impression, she is a ghost and she died years ago, making her seem like a very peculiar woman. There are many gothic images of Miss Havisham throughout the novel, because Gothic imagery was very popular at the time. She is twisted and evil and this is reflected in her attire and in her home, Satis house. The Clocks in Satis house reflect Miss Havsiham because just like clocks, she has stopped moving on with her life, she is also decaying, physically and mentally, just as the house is. She is only wearing one shoe and hasn’t changed her clothes in years. A Victorian reader would think upon first seeing a woman like her, that was crazy or evil and in this case, she is both. We see everything through Pip therefore we relate to him and feel what he does. So, even if Estella is horrible to Pip we can still forgive her because Pip does. Estella, in contrast â€Å"seemed more beautiful than she had ever seemed yet†, therefore in the eyes of a Victorian reader making her a warm and caring woman. This is ironic because she is the complete opposite. She can not express her emotions and has been brought up not to express love. But because the book is in a first person perspective the reader can relate to her beauty and because Pip still likes her, inevitably so does the reader. We see everything through Pip therefore we relate to him and feel what he does. So, even if Estella is horrible to Pip we can still forgive her because Pip does. Mrs Joe Gargery is very cruel to Pip until she is attacked. â€Å"It’s hard enough to be a blacksmith’s wife without being a mother†- she is resentful of having spent her life looking after Pip and being married to Joe. Mrs Joe Gargery is a very cruel and horrible old woman and the reader’s feelings towards her are only strengthened by the fact that she is not very attractive. Estella can be just as cruel to Pip as Mrs Joe Gargery is at times. When she says â€Å"you wait here boy† and â€Å"you ridiculous boy, will you never take warning? † it tells the reader she thinks a lot of herself and she is very proud. Again because she is pretty and the fact that, it is not her fault that she is this way, she is forgiven by the reader and Pip, because he is in love with her. In Mrs Joe Gargery’s opinion she has spent too many years raising Pip. She spends all her time being spiteful to Pip and will not be kinder, whatever the scenario. Pip would often recall scenes such as this one, ‘My sister made at dive at me and fished me up by the hair’. She strongly resented him and would take every opportunity possible to show it. She treats her husband Joe in the same way, although at heart Joe is an honest man and good man, he isn’t very bright and Pip always thinks of him as a ‘larger species of child’. Mrs Joe Gargery will, on the other hand, treat him like one Dickens makes the reader like Joe because Pip is very fond of him. This only increases the reader’s dislike for Mrs Joe Gargery. It is only until her encounter with Orlick that she becomes a completely different person, becoming much more patient. It is only because of an event such as this, she is like this, not because of her own will. It’s the male character Orlick who changed Mrs Joe Gargery into some more acceptable to the reader. Dickens created this event to show the reader that men still have authority over women. Miss Havisham died a very twisted, old and bitter woman. She was malicious and she poured all her dark, evil emotions into Estella. She once loved her husband-to-be very much. She had a lot of passion in her heart but that was destroyed when he left her standing at the altar. ‘I’ll tell you what real love is†¦.. giving up your whole heart and soul to the smiter’. Once again it has been a man that has changed one of the female leads into a person of hatred. She had an accident many years later and was left in such a state of shock she never fully recovered.

Medical Tourism in India Essay

After the silicon rush India is now considered as the golden spot for treating patients mostly from the developed countries and Far East for ailments and procedures of relatively high cost and complexity. India is also aggressively promoting medical tourism in the current years -and slowly now it is moving into a new area of â€Å"medical outsourcing,† where subcontractors provide services to the overburdened medical care systems in western countries. India’s National Health Policy declares that treatment of foreign patients is legally an â€Å"export† and deemed â€Å"eligible for all fiscal incentives extended to export earnings.† Government and private sector studies in India estimate that medical tourism could bring between $1 billion and $2 billion US into the country by 2012. Going by the Statistics and various studies it can be easily said that India would be the leader in medical tourism within the next decade if only it could improve the infrastructure and tour attractions. The question or rather the doubt that is often asked by critics is how can India provide top line medical care to outsiders while more than 40% of its people languished below poverty line and less than 20% of its people can actually afford medical services. Ethically and morally this problem has to be solved if India has to move into the category of developed country and also as a place which provides medical care to both its own people and patients from other country The aim of this project is to put a finger on the highly profitable service of medical care combined with tourism in which India is currently considered as a market leader. It has been a known fact for past many decades that Indian doctors are highly skillful in their given field since all around the globe mot hospitals have doctors of Indian origin. Therefore it became almost natural that this trend extended to India. This project also aims to show why India is attracting medical tourists, is it really a secure destination and how India can promote and develop this particular activity in the coming years so as face competition given by other Asian and African options. CHAPTER .2 Research and Methodology Introduction The objective of this chapter is to present the research methodology of the present study. The chapter deals with various aspects of research methodology on Medical tourism in India and a comparative analysis are made. For the present study as more emphasis was laid down on discovery of ideas and insights is can be called descriptive research as on attempt have been made to get insight into the Medical tourism in India. Further, the study is also and descriptive nature as a descriptive study is typically concerned with determines. Here, attempts have been made to find out the correlation of people towards Medical tourism in India. Objective The key objective of the project is to study the emerging opportunities and future prospects in the Indian medical tourism market. The project discusses various industry trends and growth drivers that are fuelling growth in the market and tries to study their impact on the future scenario. Basic Research Problem of the Study Competition and marketing issues are seen as the major problems facing organisations involved in medical tourism. Other key issues are: †¢ Insufficient demand †¢ Insurance and liability issues †¢ Lack of quality standards and international standards †¢ Lack of professionalism within the industry Assumption of the Study According to medical tourism facilitators the leading medical tourism destinations are India, Thailand, USA, Hungary and Malaysia. The USA, UK and Russian Federation are seen as the leading source of patients both now and in the future. Countries rated as providing the best overall service to patients are Thailand, India, and Singapore. Respondents predicted that India, Thailand, and Singapore will also be the leading medical tourism destinations in five years time. Methods of Data Collection The data has collected in two ways. †¢ Primary Data: Primary data are those, which are collected for the first time, and they are original in character. Primary data gives higher accuracy and facts, which is very helpful for any research and its findings. I have collected primary data by personal interview. †¢ Secondary data: The secondary data are those, which are already collected by someone for some purpose and are available for the present study. Secondary data was collected from the magazines, websites and other such sources. CHAPTER .3 Medical tourism: A Global perspective Medical tourism happens when patients go to a different country for either urgent or elective medical procedures. This phenomenon is fast becoming a worldwide, multibillion-dollar industry. The reasons patients travel for treatment vary. Many medical tourists from the United States are seeking treatment at a quarter or sometimes even a 10th of the cost at home. From Canada, it is often people who are frustrated by long waiting times. From Great Britain, the patient can’t wait for treatment by the National Health Service but also can’t afford to see a physician in private practice. For others, becoming a medical tourist is a chance to combine a tropical vacation with elective or plastic surgery. And moreover patients are coming from poorer countries such as Bangladesh where treatment may not be available and going for surgery in European or western developed countries is expensive. The interesting thing of Medical tourism is that it is a concept which is actually thousands of years old. In ancient Greece, pilgrims and patients came from all over the Mediterranean to the sanctuary of the healing god, Aesculapius, at Epidaurus. In Roman Britain, patients took a dip in the waters at a shrine at Bath, a practice that continued for 2,000 years as it was believed that the waters had a healing property. From the 18th century wealthy Europeans travelled to spas from Germany to the Nile. In the 21st century, relatively low-cost jet travel has taken the industry beyond the wealthy and desperate. Countries that actively promote medical tourism include Cuba, Costa Rica, Hungary, India, Israel, Jordan, Lithuania, Malaysia and Thailand. Belgium, Poland and Singapore are now entering the field. South Africa specializes in medical safaris-visit the country for a safari, with a stopover for plastic surgery, a nose job and a chance to see lions and elephants. Thailand While, so far, India has attracted patients from Europe, the Middle East and Canada, Thailand has been the goal for Americans. India initially attracted people who had left that country for the West; Thailand treated western expatriates across Southeast Asia. Many of them worked for western companies and had the advantage of flexible, worldwide medical insurance plans geared specifically at the expatriate and overseas corporate markets. With the growth of medical-related travel and aggressive marketing, Bangkok became a centre for medical tourism. Bangkok’s International Medical Centre offers services in 26 languages, recognizes cultural and religious dietary restrictions and has a special wing for Japanese patients The medical tour companies that serve Thailand often put emphasis on the vacation aspects, offering post-recovery resort stays. South Africa South Africa also draws many cosmetic surgery patients, especially from Europe, and many South African clinics offer packages that include personal assistants, visits with trained therapists, trips to top beauty salons, post-operative care in luxury hotels and safaris or other vacation incentives. Because the South African rand has such a long-standing low rate on the foreign-exchange market, medical tourism packages there tend to be perpetual bargains as well. Argentina Argentina ranks high for plastic surgery, and Hungary draws large numbers of patients from Western Europe and the U.S. for high-quality cosmetic and dental procedures that cost half of what they would in Germany and America. Dubai Lastly, Dubai–a destination already known as a luxury vacation paradise–is scheduled to open the Dubai Healthcare City by 2010. Situated on the Red Sea, this clinic will be the largest international medical center between Europe and Southeast Asia. Slated to include a new branch of the Harvard Medical School, it also may be the most prestigious foreign clinic on the horizon. Other countries Other countries interested in medical tourism tended to start offering care to specific markets but have expanded their services as the demand grows around the world. Cuba, for example, first aimed its services at well-off patients from Central and South America and now attracts patients from Canada, Germany and Italy. Malaysia attracts patients from surrounding Southeast Asian countries; Jordan serves patients from the Middle East. Israel caters to both Jewish patients and people from some nearby countries. One Israeli hospital advertises worldwide services, specializing in both male and female infertility, in-vitro fertilization and high-risk pregnancies. South Africa offers package medical holiday deals with stays at either luxury hotels or safaris. Leading countries in the field of medical tourism CHAPTER .4 Indian tourism: An overview Tourism will expand greatly in future mainly due to the revolution that is taking place on both the demand and supply side. The changing population structure, improvement in living standard, more disposable income, fewer working hours and long leisure time, better educated people, ageing population and more curious youth in the developed as well as developing countries, all will fuel the tourism industry growth. The arrival of a large number of customers, better educated and more sophisticated, will compel the tourist industry to launch new products and brands and re-invents traditional markets. The established traditional destinations founded on sun-sea-sand products will have to re-engineer their products. They must diversify and improve the criteria for destinations and qualities of their traditional offers. Alongside beach tourism, the tourism sector will register a steady development of new products based on natural rural business, leisure and art and culture. Thus the study of new markets and emerging markets and necessity of diversified products are the basis of our strategy, which can enhance and sustain, existing and capture new markets. It is India’s vastness that challenges the imagination: the sub-continent, 3200km (2000 miles) from the mountainous vastness of the Himalayas in the north to the tropical lushness of Kerala in the south, is home to one sixth of the world’s population, a diverse culture and an intoxicatingly rich history. Desert in Rajasthan, tropical forests in the north eastern states, arid mountains in the delta region of Maharashtra and Karnataka and vast fertile planes in northern states of Uttar Pradesh, Haryana etc are just some of the geographical diversity that can be observed. We have a wealth of archeological sites and historical monuments. Manpower costs in the Indian hotel industry are one of the lowest in the world. This provides better margins for any industry which relies on man power. One of the fascinations of India is the juxtaposition of old and new; centuries of history – from the pre-historic Indus civilization to the British Raj – rub shoulders with the computer age; and Bangalore’s ‘Silicon Valley’ is as much a part of the world’s largest democracy as the remotest village is.

Technology, Privacy, Accounting, Finance, and Governance Values Analysis

Technology, Privacy, Accounting, Finance, and Governance Values Analysis Introduction Nowadays, privacy in the workplace has become a prominent concern for many organizations. The issue of privacy has become a subject of concern as a result of an increased rate of employees monitoring in the workplace. The high rate of electronic monitoring of employees has caused a conflict between the rights of employers to safe guard their business, versus employees privacy.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Technology, Privacy, Accounting, Finance, and Governance Values Analysis specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The legal rights of employees as well as rights of the employers’ varies from one state to another which affects the strategies that firms adopt in enforcing the monitoring rights. Nonetheless, most federal and state laws support employees monitoring which has made many firms to adopt employee monitoring systems. Employees monitoring is very controversy as it goes beyond legal rights to encompass moral obligations of employers and employees which are difficult to differentiate (Hartman DesJardins, 2011). Employers versus Employees Rights Employees monitoring in United States of America was legalized as early as in 1986 with the enacting of Electronic Communications Privacy Act (ECPA). The act allows employers and system administrators to monitor activities in their computer systems. The enacting of ECPA allowed employers to have legal rights to monitor employee’s activities in the workplace. Generally, an employer is mainly the owner of workstations, phones, servers, software and communication devices that employees use. The employer provides these devices in order to facilitate business operations. Therefore, an employer has an interest to monitor activities on these systems for liability and security reasons. An employer can opt to monitor employees telephone conversations, emails as well as non-personal telephone calls made on business phones without giving prior notice to employees, unless in the State of California where employees’ monitoring is highly regulated by the government. Whereas the enacting of ECPA protects employers from insecurity and liability associated with illegal use of employers electronic systems such as pirating, fraud or sale of company trade secretes. The act also provides protection for employees’ privacy. The act does not allow monitoring of employees personal communications that are made over the company systems.Advertising Looking for assessment on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In addition, the act does not allow employers to monitor conversations of their employees that are made though the employees cell phones. Thus, the act is very effective as it tries to safe guide employers’ rights as well as the rights of employees in ensuring that employees’ personal affairs are not interfered with (Hartman DesJardins, 2011) How Does Technology used at Daimler Affect Employees Privacy Daimler corporate has a very efficient and effective technology that ensures privacy of its employees who use its systems. The company has installed its servers, as well as users workstations with appropriate password and other security measures to safeguard information that is received or transmitted over its systems from unauthorized external access. To enhance the protection of employees’ privacy, its systems encrypt personal data that is transmitted over public networks. Private and application-related access protection has been installed in order to safe guard personal data in Daimler corporate database. These protection measures have been adopted by the organization as its strategy to ensure safe data management, which controls responsibilities and authorization to safe guard the privacy of employees. How Daimler Protect Employees Personal Information At Daimler Corporation, i t is only its authorized personnel that are allowed to collect process or use personal data. Authorized personnel monitor emails, voice mails and telephone conversations that are transmitted over the companys systems, for those employees it suspects to wrongly use the companys systems. However, the company does not allow its system administrators to use employees’ personal data for private purposes, transmission of such data to unauthorized people, or making available of such data to unauthorized persons. Accounting Principles Financial performance of an organization is considered as a significant part of an entity as it is responsible for determining how other departments and processes within the organization are run. In U.S., Organizations are required to abide by the General Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) that were enforced in 2002 through the enacting of Sarbanes- Oxley Act (SOX).Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Technology, Privacy, A ccounting, Finance, and Governance Values Analysis specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The act requires companies to report specific data in their financial annual reports. In being compliant in honoring SOX act, Daimler Company has been consistent in disclosing its internal controls, audit committee structures as well as codes of ethics and conduct. In order for Daimler to be SOX compliant, its CEOs and CFOs sign an attestation that make them liable for any financial data reported. Signing of this document verifies that its officers have reviewed all financial data reported and verified that it is correct. Signing of this document makes the officers to be responsible for any internal controls that have occurred. This requirement is contained in section 302 of the act (Taylor, 2012). On the othe4 hand, section 204 of the act requires organizations to monitor how overall financial processes are run. This entails how organizations information sys tems are run and secured. Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB) is the body that helps external auditors decipher if an organization they are auditing is SOX compliant. Those companies that have reported false data are penalized and declared as incompliant. Thus, that is why it is imperative for employers to electronically monitor employees’ activities to avoid any liability or insecurities as a result of their employees’ misconduct. Conflict of Interests Many organizations are concerned about conflicts of interests for their corporate board members and executives. Board members should concentrate on the concerns of their companies and not on outside interests. Therefore, board members should not let their personal interests surpass the decisions they make as directors (Murray, 2012). Executive Compensations The Federal law requires clear disclosure about compensations of CEOs, CFOs as well as three other high ranking officers. The company should disclose a mount and type of compensation given to CEO, CFO as well as three other most highly paid officers. In addition, the company should disclose the criteria it uses to come up with executive compensations as well as the degree of relationship that exist between executive compensation practices versus corporate performance (U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, 2012).Advertising Looking for assessment on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Legal and Ethical Responsibilities of Board Members Board members in Daimler Company are required to abide in honoring the duty of care that requires them to discharge their duties in good faith and in a manner that they believe to be of maximum benefit to the company. They are also required in honoring the duty of royalty. Board members should avoid using their positions or the assets of the company in a manner that will result to their monetary benefits or monetary gains of their family members. Lastly, the board members should honor duty of obedience. Board members ought to make sure that they follow the companys governing documents while exercising their powers and duties. They should ensure that the companys assets are used lawfully. They should also make sure that they comply with the states laws that dictate how business should be run (Levy, 2012). Areas of Compliance and Improvements Daimler Company is compliant in accounting practices according to SOX, executive compensatio ns, Legal and Ethical responsibilities of board members, but the company will require enforcing its management of conflict of interests by adopting a conflict of interest policy and make every director to sign and abide by it. Conclusion Employers should ensure that they monitor electronic activities of employees in order to protect themselves from any liability and security problems associated with illegal use of electronic systems. The employers should ensure that they have a policy that regulates employees monitoring process that all employers are aware of before, even before being hired. The employers should avoid intruding in private matters of their employees, but limit their monitoring to work related issues. Daimler has a very effective internal and external control that effectively manages the various stakeholders who are involved in its business transactions. However, the company requires adopting a conflict of interest policy. Reference List Hartman, L. DesJardins, J. (2 011). Business Ethics: Decision Making for Personal  Integrity and Social Responsibility (2nd ed.). New York :McGraw-Hill. Levy, J. (2012). Ethical and Legal Responsibilities of Board Members. Web. Murray, J. (2012). What Should a Conflict of Interest Policy for My Corporate Include? Web. Taylor, C. (2012). SOX Compliance- Regulatiting Accounting Standards. Web. U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. (2012). Executive Compensations. Web.

The Quality Drag on China's Car Industry Term Paper

The Quality Drag on China's Car Industry - Term Paper Example By providing the example of Hyundai, this article tries to establish the fact that the carmakers, especially the domestic Chinese carmakers, have no choice but to focus on quality in order to achieve sustainable success. Chinese automobile companies must shift their focus from higher market share to better quality by making significant investment in research and development for further improvement of quality of their cars. There are huge opportunities for these players to make improvement in the areas like handling, power train and ‘driving experience’. Having made all these points, one may ask if quality comes automatically by the mere fact that the need for quality is trumpeted to workers every now and then. The fact is that quality is earned and it must be earned methodologically. In most global jurisdictions as far as business is concerned, renowned companies and multinational corporations have relied on the basic principles of operations management to enforce and ensure quality among their workforce. It is not surprising therefore that in the article, the writer notes that â€Å"when the trade-off is between higher sales or greater profits, their instinct is to go for sales, often at the expense of profits† (Lubo, 2012). In the words of McNamara (2011), â€Å"operations management focuses on carefully managing the processes to produce and distribute products and services.† It basically entails the practice of using what you have to achieve what you want. The most important factor however is that in determining wha t you want to achieve, the needs and expectations of the customer must stand out (Dodge, 2005).

Business Research Individual Work 1 Week 12 Essay

Business Research Individual Work 1 Week 12 - Essay Example The SME Research and Statistics is an example of business report that tries to meet the conventional report format standards. In the report, the author Andrea Prince incorporates some of the components of a conventional report. SME Research and Statistics contains an executive summary, an Introduction, Research methods (data source and definition), Summary, and Discussion, Appendix and finally References (Pierce, 2013). The research report lacks components such as Background Literature. Thus, the report fails to meet the standards of a conventional report format since the author never incorporated the entire components as outlined in the textbook. Despite the existence of some conventional standards of report formats, some reports do not strictly adhere to the format. For instance, the SME Research Profile was incoherent and presented differently in various forms (Pierce, 2013). First, the author merged various components in the report. A good example is the merger of Introduction component with that of the Background thereby forming one part. The merge mingles vital information in the introduction and background segments thereby forming the Introduction component. Similarly, Andrea merges the Summary and the Discussion segments thus making it rather difficult to distinguish various issues in a quicker and easier manner. The situation is uncommon in conventional report format whereby all of the components are separated and independently presented. Consequently, the section on Data source and Definition seems different from the conventional format of Research methods component (Pierce, 2013). Existence of conspicuous differences between the conventional research report format and the SME Research Profile have significant influences in the interpretation and understanding of the research report. First, the merging of various components of research into one